To develop India as a global education hub, merely increasing the number of higher educational institutions is not sufficient. Improvements in safe, affordable and inclusive student housing and urban infrastructure are equally necessary. Discuss.

The Forest Rights Act, 2006 seeks to balance forest conservation with the rights of forest-dwelling communities. How can community-based forest governance strengthen this balance? Analyse.

Evaluate the role of Gram Sabhas in the effective implementation of the Forest Rights Act, 2006. Can a balance be established between development projects and the rights of forest-dwelling communities?

India-Japan defence cooperation is evolving beyond traditional military exercises towards maritime domain awareness, defence technology and co-production. Analyse its significance in the context of India’s strategic role in the Indo-Pacific.

Why are academic freedom and university autonomy essential for the quality of higher education in a democratic society? Discuss how they can be balanced with accountability in university administration and student participation.

One of the major objectives of the Forest Rights Act, 2006 is to address the historical injustice faced by forest-dependent communities. Discuss the significance of community rights and forest conservation in the context of Bihar.

Production decisions by OPEC+ influence global energy markets, inflation and the economies of oil-importing countries such as India. Analyse their implications for India.

Fluctuations in international crude oil prices can have both direct and indirect effects on the economy of a consuming state such as Bihar. Explain the relationship between energy prices and economic stability of the state.

Illegal trafficking of exotic and non-native wildlife poses a serious challenge to biodiversity conservation and wildlife management in India. Examine the role of institutional coordination and monitoring mechanisms in preventing such activities.

Why is it necessary to maintain a balance between national security and individual liberty in laws dealing with internal security? Discuss the balance between stringent provisions and judicial oversight in the context of the UAPA.